In the Green Lab we study:
Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune disease that affects the central nervous system, which includes the brain and spinal cord. In multiple sclerosis, the immune system mistakenly attacks the protective covering of nerve fibers called myelin. This results in inflammation, damage, and the formation of scar tissue (sclerosis) along the affected areas.
The symptoms of multiple sclerosis vary widely and can include fatigue, difficulty walking, numbness or tingling, muscle weakness, problems with coordination and balance, vision problems, bladder and bowel dysfunction, cognitive changes, and emotional disturbances. The severity and progression of the disease can also vary from person to person.
The exact cause of multiple sclerosis is unknown, but it is believed to involve a combination of genetic and environmental factors. There is currently no cure for multiple sclerosis, but there are treatments available to help manage symptoms, slow down the progression of the disease, and improve quality of life for those affected. These treatments may include medications, physical therapy, occupational therapy, and lifestyle modifications.
Multiple sclerosis (MS) can be classified into several different types based on the pattern of disease progression and relapses. The main types of MS are:
Relapsing-Remitting MS (RRMS): This is the most common form of MS, characterized by clearly defined relapses or flare-ups of new or worsening neurological symptoms. These relapses are followed by periods of partial or complete recovery (remission) where symptoms improve or disappear. Between relapses, there is generally no disease progression. However, over time, some individuals with RRMS may develop secondary progressive MS.
Secondary Progressive MS (SPMS): In this stage, the disease transitions from relapsing-remitting MS to a more progressive form. People with SPMS may or may not experience relapses, but there is a gradual worsening of neurological function over time.
Primary Progressive MS (PPMS): This form of MS is characterized by a steady and gradual progression of symptoms from the onset, without distinct relapses or remissions. People with PPMS typically experience a steady decline in neurological function.
Progressive-Relapsing MS (PRMS): This is a rare form of MS characterized by a steady progression of symptoms from the beginning, along with occasional relapses or flare-ups. Unlike RRMS, the periods of remission in PRMS are minimal or nonexistent.
It's important to note that some individuals may also exhibit atypical or overlapping forms of MS, making classification more complex. Each person's experience with MS can vary, and the course of the disease can be unpredictable. Treatment strategies are tailored to the individual's specific type of MS and their unique needs.
The over-the-counter antihistamine clemastine has demonstrated an ability to repair myelin, the protective coating on nerve fibers that’s damaged in multiple sclerosis (MS), according to an analysis of MRI data from the ReBUILD (our 150 day double blind randomized placebo controlled clinical trial, with 50 patients who went into 2 groups that all completed the trial).The placebo-controlled study evaluated clemastine in people with relapsing forms of MS who were on stable immune-modulating disease-modifying therapies. Results showed it helped speed up electrical signals along the optic nerve that connects the eyes to the brain.
Clemastine is an antihistamine medication that is primarily used to treat allergy symptoms. It belongs to a class of drugs known as first-generation antihistamines, which means it was one of the earlier antihistamines developed. Clemastine works by blocking the effects of histamine, a substance in the body that is responsible for allergic reactions.
Clemastine is commonly used to relieve symptoms such as sneezing, itching, watery eyes, and runny nose caused by hay fever (allergic rhinitis) or other allergies. It can also be used to treat itching and skin rashes associated with hives (urticaria) or other allergic skin conditions.
Additionally, clemastine has some sedative properties, and it may cause drowsiness or impair cognitive and motor functions. Therefore, it is important to use caution while taking clemastine, especially when driving or operating machinery.